Preliminary Recommendations

Personal Pronoun

Personal Pronouns are inflected for Person and Number, as shown in the following table.

Personal It. example It. tag

Person Gend.-Numb.

1 s io PP/ns1s

2 s tu PP/ns2s

3 s egli PP/ms3s

1 p noi PP/np1s

2 p voi PP/np2s

3 p essi PP/mp3s

As far as the pronominal paradigm is concerned, Case is not encoded at present in our DMI and corpus. Personal pronouns are not lemmatised: `gli' is not considered the dative form of the base pronoun `egli' (`he'), but constitutes a separate entry.

The Italian pronominal paradigm is described below:

`Forme toniche'

-- subj (`io', `egli'), compl (`me', `lui')

``ama me'' / ``dá a me'' (dir-obj/prep-obj)
(`he loves me' / `he gives to me')

``ama lui'' / ``dá a lui'' (dir-obj/prep-obj)
(`she loves him' / `she gives to him')

`Forme atone'

-- <...>, compl (`mi', `gli'/`lo')

``mi dá'' / ``mi ama'' (ind-obj/dir-obj)
(`he gives me' / `he loves me')

``gli dá'' (ind-obj) (`he gives him')
``lo ama'' (dir-obj) (`she loves him')

This paradigm can be mapped to the proposed Case system in the following way:

io, egli subj nom

mi/me dir-obj/ind-obj/prep-obj obj = acc, dat, prep+obj

lui dir-obj/prep-obj obj = acc, prep+obj

gli ind-obj dat

lo dir-obj acc

Polite form

In Italian, the modern system of Personal Pronoun for addressing a person is bipartite: `tu' and `lei', feminine singular used for the polite form (also for addressing masculine persons).

Polite usages are very interesting from a corpus perspective, but, at present, are not encoded in our tagger.

In polite usages, two different types of agreement can be used:

1. Agreement by nature: The participle has masculine gender, i.e. agrees with the masculine noun and not with the personal pronoun.

   ``Professore, Lei si é occupato''

   Professor (man), she has been interested in `Professor, you have been interested in...'

2. Agreement by grammar: The participle is feminine, i.e. agrees with the pronoun, even though referring to a masculine noun.

   ``Lei, Professore, l'ho sempre ascoltata.''

   To her, Professor, I have always listened `Professor, I always have listened to you.'

Non-tonic personal pronouns always agree by grammar:

``Professore, vorrei dirle spero rivederla presto

Professor (man), I want to tell-her, I hope to see-her soon `Professor, I want to tell you, I hope to see you soon.'