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Central semantic of value nouns

Morphological criteria

  1. A morphological unit may be categorized as noun in the dictionary if it has an inherent gender, the gender masculine or feminine. Consequently, the feature gender splits the nouns into disjointed classes according to the value of the gender they admit.

Test

If it exists an inherent gender of X, X is a noun.

Some nouns, as adjectives in general, vary according to the two genders masculine and feminine. This can be the case for nouns that have a "natural gender".

Test

If X vary according to the gender and if the gender can be a "natural gender", X can be a noun.

In some cases, two genders coexist for the same noun without being "natural genders".

Test

If X has two "non natural" genders and if X is a foreign word, X can be a noun.

Test

If X has two "non natural" genders and if the signification or the style of X change with the variation of the gender, X can be a noun.

Syntactic criterion

  1. If a given morphological unit cannot occupy, with or without determiner, a position in a nominal phrase NP, it is not a noun. Nevertheless, many adjectives can occupy with a determiner the position of a nominal syntagm (example: le courageux). So, the opposite of this criterion is not true: all morphological units that can occupy a nominal syntagm have not the category noun in the dictionary. This criterion excludes for example adjectives like "rocailleux" from the category of nouns, because this adjective cannot occupy, neither with, nor without determiner, a nominal syntagm.

Test

Given Det a determiner, If X or 'Det+X' cannot occupy a position in a NP, X is not a noun.

Semantic criterion

  1. If a morphological unit has its own format, that is if for a morphological unit a conceptual interpretation is possible and if it is understandable independently from an external support, it will be categorized as noun in the dictionary. This criterion aims to help to decide which adjectives, past participles, present participles and adverbs are lexicalized nouns.

Test

If X denotes an object itself, without pointing to one of its properties, X is not categorized as noun. Remark: This is the case for compound units 'Det+indefinite adjective', or 'Det+cardinal adjective'.

Test

Given X that can be an adjective or a noun, If 'qn./ qc. de X', or 'celui/celle qui est X' fails or if it is semantically not appropriate, X is categorized as noun.

but:

Test

If X can occupy the position in a NP of a predicative construction, of an expression, of a multiword preposition, X is categorized as noun.

Test

If X has a semantic value that is ``neuter''( this value as an indicator for the conceptual interpretation of the morphological unit), or if X has ``conceptual autonomy'', X is a noun.

Test

If it is possible to specify out of context properties for X (age, adress, origin, height, weight, substance, functionality, etc.), X is categorized as noun.

Nevertheless, all morphological units that can be the head of a NP are not categorized as nouns in the dictionary:

But we don't consider that courageux has the morphosyntactic category noun in the dictionary because the test above fails:

Test

If X is an actor in a codified social, legal, moral, etc. context, X is categorized as noun.

We provide here examples for morphological units that can also be associated to other morphological categories in some contexts. The social or moral context is referenced here by institutions.

Test

If X denotes an object in a domain specific context, is a noun.

Test

If X denotes a spatial or temporal delimitation, X is categorized as noun.



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Next: Recategorization of nouns Up: pos-value n Previous: pos-value n