next up previous contents index
Next: Recategorization of adjectives Up: pos-value a Previous: pos-value a

Central semantic of value adjective

Morphological criterion

  1. Adjectives vary according to the gender and the number of the noun which they specify.

Test

Given N a noun, If X takes the gender of N, X can be an adjective (or a determiner). A range of adjectives are homographs concerning the opposite of the gender (un pantalon rouge, une robe rouge), or the singular and plural have the same graphical form (un homme soucieux, des hommes soucieux).

Remark: This morphological criterion concerning the number-/ gender-variation of a morphological unit is also applicable to the recategorization of present participles as adjectives. The features number and gender are applicable to present participles, whereas they are not to present participles.

Syntactic criterion

  1. A morphological unit has the pos-value adjective if it occupies a certain syntagmatic position corresponding to an attributive or predicative function. This criterion is necessary but not sufficient because a range of nouns can also occupy the syntagmatic position of adjectives. For certain adjectives, i.e. indefinite adjectives, cardinal adjectives, it exists restrictions concerning the selection of the determiner within a nominal phrase.

Test

Given N a noun, Det a determiner, NP a nominal phrase, If NP(Det+X+N), or NP(Det+N+X), or 'NP+copula+X' succeeds, X can be an adjective. Remark: X can also be a noun, see below.

but:

Semantic criteria

  1. An adjective is a morphological unit that predicates a property and that does not have a proper format. In other words, the adjective doesn't exist independently from an external support. Concerning the adjective/ noun distinction, this means that those nouns which "loose its own format" when they are used as adjectives are categorized also as adjectives in the dictionary.

Test

Given N a noun, If it exists a context where X qualifies N and where X cannot exist without N, X can be an adjective. If for example "Something/ someone that is N and X" fails or if it is semantically not appropriate, X can be an adjective.

but:

Test

Given N a noun, If X qualifies N but if X doesn't accord with the number and gender of N, X is not an adjective, but a noun.

For an adjective a conceptual interpretation is possible as regard to a given object, and this independently from other parameters like a given spatial and temporal situation, an agent, an object, etc. Concerning the adjective/ participle distinction, we categorize as adjectives those participles that predicate a property that exists independently from parameters related to the interpretation of a verbal process.

Test

If X is an expansion of N, X can be an adjective. Given N, M a noun, If 'N+X / X+N is a sort of N', or 'N+X / X+N is a sort of M' succeeds, X can be an adjective.

but:

Test

Given NP a nominal phrase, Det a determiner, If for 'NP+copula+X' or 'Det+X+N/ Det+N+X' 'très X', 'plus ou moins X' etc. succeeds, and if it can be interpretated as a degree of intensity, and not of a variation of quantity, X can be categorized as adjective.

but:

Test

Given X with the ending of a participle, P a prefixe or a compound element, If X can take a prefixe or if it is the base form of a compound, and if the complex unit 'P+X' cannot be an inflected form of a verb, X and 'P+X' are adjectives.

Test

Given N a noun, If N+X belongs to a paradigm of N where X can commute with Y, Z, etc., and if N+X exists independenly from parameters which are due to a verbal process or to the situation of communication, X is an adjective.

Remark: A range of past participles can never be used as adjectives:



next up previous contents index
Next: Recategorization of adjectives Up: pos-value a Previous: pos-value a