General adverbs: Confusion with other pos values

<BODY LANG="EN" bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000"> <P> <A NAME="efavcp"> </A><H3><A NAME="SECTION000103200000000000000">General adverbs: Confusion with other <B>pos</B> values</A></H3> <P> Confusion may occur between `tout' as <EM>adjectival predeterminer</EM> and as <EM>adverb</EM>: <P> <CENTER> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=a</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=adverb</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adjectival<BR>predeterminer</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Toute</B><A NAME="41341"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=a</FONT></SMALL><BR><B>une</B><A NAME="41349"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=article</FONT></SMALL> famille</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>une</B><A NAME="41357"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=article</FONT></SMALL><BR><B>toute</B><A NAME="41365"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR>jeune fille</TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </CENTER> Confusion may occur between the <B>pos</B> values <EM>pronoun</EM> and <EM>adverb</EM>: <P> <EM>Test</EM>: <P> If <EM>X</EM> occupies the position of a prepositional phrase or an Adverbial phrase, and if <EM>X</EM> has no semantic orientation, then <EM>X</EM>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL>, otherwise, <EM>X</EM>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL>. <P> Morphological units that introduce interrogative or exclamative sentences are categorised as <EM>pronouns</EM>: <P> <CENTER> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=p & type=int</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=adverb</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>pronoun</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il vient <B>quand</B><A NAME="41404"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL>?</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il vient<BR><B>demain</B><A NAME="41412"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il vit <B>où</B><A NAME="41438"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL>?</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il ne vit pas<BR><B>ici</B><A NAME="41443"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL>, mais<BR><B>ailleurs</B><A NAME="41451"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il travaille<BR><B>comment</B><A NAME="41469"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL>?</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il travaille<BR><B>bien</B><A NAME="41477"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Cela coûte<BR><B>combien</B><A NAME="41495"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL>?</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Cela coûte<BR><B>beaucoup</B><A NAME="41503"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> The morphological unit `y' is categorised as a <EM>weak personal pronoun</EM>, like `en', whereas morphological units with deictic value are <EM>adverbs</EM>: <P> <CENTER> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=p & type=pers weak</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=adverb</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>pronoun</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Je m'<B>y</B><A NAME="41519"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL> assois</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Je m'assois<BR><B>là-bas</B><A NAME="41527"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> Some morphological units can be <EM>pronouns</EM> and <EM>adverbs</EM>, according to distributional criteria: <P> <EM>Test</EM>: <P> Given <EM>NP</EM> a noun phrase, <EM>VP</EM> a verb phrase and <EM>V</EM> a verb: If <EM>NP</EM> (<EM>X</EM>), then <EM>X</EM>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL>; otherwise, if <EM>VP</EM> (<EM>V</EM> + <EM>X</EM>), then <EM>X</EM>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL>. <P> <CENTER> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=p</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=adverb</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>pronoun</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Beaucoup</B><A NAME="41571"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL> sont<BR>venus et <B>peu</B><A NAME="41579"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL> sont<BR>restés</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il mange<BR><B>beaucoup</B><A NAME="41587"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR>et boit <B>peu</B><A NAME="41595"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Suffisamment</B><A NAME="41613"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL><BR>sont venus</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il mange<BR><B>suffisamment</B><A NAME="41621"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Enormément</B><A NAME="41645"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL><BR>sont venus</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il mange<BR><B>énormément</B><A NAME="41657"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> Distinction between <EM>indefinite pronouns</EM> and <EM>adverbs</EM>: <P> Confusion may occur between indefinite pronouns and adverbs of quantity. An adverb of quantity specifies the indefinite determiner `de' (<EM>adverb of quantity</EM> + de is a complex determiner within a noun phrase), whereas the indefinite pronoun occupies the position of the noun phrase. <P> Distinction between <EM>indefinite pronoun</EM> and <EM>adverb of quantity</EM>: <P> <CENTER> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=p & type=indf</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=adverb</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>NP(Pronoun)</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Beaucoup</B><A NAME="41674"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p &<BR>type=indf</FONT></SMALL> sont venus</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>NP((Adverb+de)+N)</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Beaucoup</B><A NAME="41682"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR><B>d'</B><A NAME="41690"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=d & type=indf</FONT></SMALL><BR>hommes sont venus</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Peu</B><A NAME="41710"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p & type=indf</FONT></SMALL><BR>sont venus</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>peu</B><A NAME="41718"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL> <B>d'</B><A NAME="41726"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=d<BR>& type=indf</FONT></SMALL> hommes sont<BR>venus</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Suffisamment</B><A NAME="41747"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p &<BR>type=indf</FONT></SMALL> sont venus</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Suffisamment</B><A NAME="41755"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR><B>d'</B><A NAME="41763"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=d & type=indf</FONT></SMALL><BR>hommes sont venus</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Enormément</B><A NAME="41788"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p &<BR>type=indf</FONT></SMALL> sont venus</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Enormément</B><A NAME="41798"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR><B>d'</B><A NAME="41803"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=d & type=indf</FONT></SMALL><BR>hommes sont venus</TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> Indefinite pronouns can also be the head of a prepositional phrase. Care must be taken not to confuse a pronoun as a head of a prepositional phrase with an adverb of quantity as a specifier of a determinative group. <P> <CENTER> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=p & type=indf</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=adverb</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>pronoun + PP</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Beaucoup</B><A NAME="41825"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=p</FONT></SMALL><BR><B>de</B><A NAME="41833"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>(<B>ces</B><A NAME="41841"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=determiner</FONT></SMALL>)<BR>personnes sont venues</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb + de</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Beaucoup</B><A NAME="41849"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR><B>de</B><A NAME="41857"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=d & type=indf</FONT></SMALL><BR>personnes sont venues</TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> Confusion may occur between the <B>pos</B> values <EM>adverb</EM> and <EM>conjunction</EM>: <P> <CENTER> <P> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=adverb</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=conjunction & type=coord</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Plus</B><A NAME="42051"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL> il<BR>mange, <B>plus</B><A NAME="42059"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR>il boit.</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>conjunction</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il mange<BR><B>plus</B><A NAME="42067"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=conjunction</FONT></SMALL><BR>il boit un café .</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il mange<BR><B>puis</B><A NAME="42085"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR>il boit un café</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il mange<BR><B>puis</B><A NAME="42093"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=conjunction</FONT></SMALL><BR>boit un café.</TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> <P> </CENTER> <P> Confusion may also occur between the <B>pos</B> values <EM>adverb</EM> and <EM>conjunction</EM> with the <B>type</B> value <EM>coord</EM> for morphological units with similar semantics: <P> <CENTER> <P> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=adverb</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=conjunction & type=coord</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il a accepté l'invitation.<BR><B>Cependant</B><A NAME="42177"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR>/ <B>toutefois</B><A NAME="42185"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL> /<BR><B>néanmoins</B><A NAME="42198"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL>,<BR>il n'est pas venu.</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>conjunction</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il a accepté l'invitation.<BR><B>Mais</B><A NAME="42203"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=conjunction &<BR>type=coord</FONT></SMALL> il n'est pas<BR>venu.</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il rêve de voyages.<BR><B>Malheureusement</B><A NAME="42221"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=<BR>adverb</FONT></SMALL> il est pauvre.</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il rêve de voyages.<BR><B>Or</B><A NAME="42229"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=conjunction &<BR>type=coord</FONT></SMALL> il est pauvre.</TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> <P> </CENTER> <P> Confusion may occur between the <B>pos</B> values <EM>adverb</EM> and <EM>preposition</EM>: <P> <EM>Test</EM>: <P> If <EM>X</EM> + #, then <EM>X</EM>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL>; otherwise, if <EM>X</EM> + NP, then <EM>X</EM>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition & type=preposition</FONT></SMALL>. <P> <CENTER> <P> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=adverb</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=adposition</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il est parti<BR><B>avant</B><A NAME="42389"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adposition</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il est parti<BR><B>avant</B><A NAME="42397"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>la fin</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il est parti<BR><B>après</B><A NAME="42422"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il est parti<BR><B>après</B><A NAME="42432"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>la fin</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il a mis de la crème<BR><B>(là-)dessus</B><A NAME="42455"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il a mis de la crème<BR><B>sur</B><A NAME="42460"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>la tarte</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il marche<BR><B>devant</B><A NAME="42478"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il marche<BR><B>devant</B><A NAME="42486"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>la voiture</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il marche<BR><B>derrière</B><A NAME="42511"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il marche<BR><B>derrière</B><A NAME="42521"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>la voiture</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il n'a rien trouvé<BR><B>dedans</B><A NAME="42539"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il n'a rien trouvé<BR><B>dans</B><A NAME="42547"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>la boîte</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il habite<BR><B>en face</B><A NAME="42565"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il habite<BR><B>en face<BR>de</B><A NAME="42573"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>son lieu de travail</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il regarde<BR><B>à travers</B><A NAME="42598"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il regarde<BR><B>à travers</B><A NAME="42608"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>la vitre</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il vote <B>pour</B><A NAME="42623"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il vote<BR><B>pour</B><A NAME="42631"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>les socialistes</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il faut faire<BR><B>avec</B><A NAME="42648"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il faut faire<BR><B>avec</B><A NAME="42656"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adposition</FONT></SMALL><BR>les difficultés</TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> <P> </CENTER> <P> Confusion may occur between the <B>pos</B> values <EM>adverb</EM> and <EM>noun</EM>: <P> <EM>Test</EM>: <P> If <EM>X</EM> is autonomous and if a conceptual interpretation is possible, then <EM>X</EM> is a noun. <P> <CENTER> <P> <CENTER> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=adverb</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=n</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>superlative: le+adv</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il mange le<BR><B>plus</B><A NAME="42817"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>noun</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Le <B>plus</B><A NAME="42825"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=n</FONT></SMALL><BR>qu'il puisse faire</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il mange le<BR><B>moins</B><A NAME="42843"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Le <B>moins</B><A NAME="42851"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=n</FONT></SMALL><BR>qu'il puisse faire</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il a le<BR><B>meilleur</B><A NAME="42871"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR>score;<BR>il est le<BR><B>meilleur</B><A NAME="42879"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL><BR>(joueur de football<BR>...)</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Ca, c'est la<BR><B>meilleure</B><A NAME="42887"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=n</FONT></SMALL>!</TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il joue le<BR><B>mieux</B><A NAME="42903"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Le <B>mieux</B><A NAME="42911"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=n</FONT></SMALL><BR>c'est de ...</TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb of place</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il est venu<BR><B>avant</B><A NAME="42930"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>noun</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>La boîte à gants se<BR>trouve à<BR>l'<B>avant</B><A NAME="42938"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=n</FONT></SMALL><BR>de la voiture</TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>anaphoric adverb of<BR>place</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Le livre se trouve<BR><B>(là-)<BR>dessous</B><A NAME="42960"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>noun</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>les <B>dessous</B><A NAME="42965"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=n</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>adverb of manner</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il travaille<BR><B>bien</B><A NAME="42983"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>noun</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Nager fait du<BR><B>bien</B><A NAME="42991"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=n</FONT></SMALL></TD></TR> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>  </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il écrit<BR><B>mal</B><A NAME="43008"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> </TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>Il a ce <B>mal</B><A NAME="43016"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=n</FONT></SMALL><BR>en lui</TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> </CENTER> <P> Confusion may occur between <EM>phrasal adverbs</EM>, and <EM>interjections</EM>: <P> <EM>Test</EM>: <P> If <EM>X</EM> has only emotive or phatic value, then <EM>X</EM>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=interjection</FONT></SMALL>. <P> <CENTER> <TABLE COLS=4 BORDER FRAME=BOX RULES=GROUPS> <COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT><COLGROUP><COL ALIGN=LEFT> <TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2> <B>pos=adverb</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=CENTER NOWRAP COLSPAN=2><B>pos=interjection</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Description</B></TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP> <B>Example</B></TD></TR> </TBODY><TBODY> <TR><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>phrasal adverb</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>franchement</B><A NAME="43046"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=adverb</FONT></SMALL>,<BR>je ne suis pas d'accord</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP>interjection</TD><TD VALIGN=BASELINE ALIGN=LEFT NOWRAP><B>eh bien</B><A NAME="43054"> </A>/<SMALL CLASS=FOOTNOTE><FONT color=#ff0000>pos=interjection</FONT></SMALL>,<BR>ce n'est pas possible!</TD></TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> </CENTER> <HR> 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